Skip to content
  • About
    • About the GDM
    • Editorial Board
    • How to Cite
    • News
Great Dictionary of Marxism
  • About
    • About the GDM
    • Editorial Board
    • How to Cite
    • News
Great Dictionary of Marxism
Popular Search marxleninhegeltestmarxism
betterdocs-category-icon

Historical Context

  • Great Geographical Discoveries
  • The Opening-up of New Routes
  • World Market
  • World History
  • Renaissance
  • Enlightenment
  • Industrial Revolution
  • Three Major Discoveries of Natural Science in the 19th Century
  • Ancient Naïve Materialism
  • Modern Metaphysical Materialism
  • 18th-Century French Materialism
  • Classical German Philosophy
  • Classical British Political Economy
  • Conception of History of the French Historians of the Restoration Period
betterdocs-category-icon

Fundamental Concepts and Principles

  • Marxist Philosophy
    • Philosophy
    • Marxist Philosophy
    • Marxism
    • Fundamental Principles of Marxism
    • World Outlook
    • Basic Question of Philosophy
    • Matter and Consciousness
    • Materialism
    • Dialectical Materialism
    • Idealism
    • Subjective Idealism
    • Objective Idealism
    • Monism and Dualism
    • Principle of the Material Unity of the World
    • Being
    • Ontology
    • Marxist Conception of Practice
    • Practice
    • Nature
    • Nature in Itself
    • Humanized Nature
    • Necessity in Nature
    • Society
    • Marxist Outlook on Development
    • Dialectics
    • Materialist Dialectics
    • Dialectics of Nature
    • Metaphysics
    • Interconnection
    • Development
    • Motion
    • Rest
    • Time and Space
    • Law of the Unity of Opposites
    • Contradiction
    • Objectivity of Contradiction
    • Universality and Particularity
    • General and Individual
    • Method of Contradiction Analysis
    • Law of the Transmutation between Quality and Quantity
    • Quality
    • Quantity
    • Measure
    • Quantitative and Qualitative Change
    • Law of the Negation of the Negation
    • Conception of Dialectical Negation
    • Criticism and Sublation
    • Essence and Phenomenon
    • Content and Form
    • Whole and Part
    • Cause and Effect
    • Necessity and Chance
    • Possibility and Reality
    • Motive and Effect
    • Ends and Means
    • Dialectical Thinking
    • Systems Thinking
    • Epistemology
    • Dialectical Materialist Epistemology
    • Subject and Object
    • Theory of Reflection
    • Agnosticism
    • Sovereignty and Non-Sovereignty of Thinking
    • Marxist Conception of Truth
    • Objective Truth
    • Absolute Truth
    • Relative Truth
    • Fallacy
    • Methodology
    • Reasoning
    • Induction and Deduction
    • Analysis and Synthesis
    • Abstract and Concrete
    • Logic and History
    • Objective Laws
    • Subjective Agency
    • Freedom and Necessity
    • Conception of History
    • Basic Question of the Conception of History
    • Historical Materialism
    • Historical Idealism
    • Social Being
    • Social Consciousness
    • Human Society
    • Geographical Environment
    • Population Factor
    • The Theory of Two Kinds of Production
    • Social Structure
    • Mode of Production
    • Productive Forces
    • Relations of Production
    • Material Interests
    • Relations of Distribution
    • Relations of Exchange
    • Means of Production
    • Factors of Production
    • Mode of Life
    • Labor
    • Instruments of Labor
    • Social Division of Labor
    • Social Intercourse
    • Social Relations
    • Economic Base
    • Superstructure
    • Theory of the Fundamental Contradictions of Society
    • Fundamental Contradictions of Society
    • The Laws of Development of Society
    • Driving Forces of Development of Society
    • Social Formation
    • Economic Formation of Society
    • Social System
    • Marx and Engels’ Theory of Ideology
    • Social Psychology
    • Forms of Social Consciousness
    • Social Ideology
    • Science
    • Technology
    • Thought of Scientific and Technological Revolution
    • Culture
    • Idea
    • Value Outlook
    • Ideal
    • Belief
    • Freedom
    • Law
    • Morality
    • Religion
    • Equality
    • Justice
    • Human Rights
    • Values
    • Axiology
    • Worth of Man
    • Village Community
    • Asiatic Mode of Production
    • Rural Commune
    • Extra-Economic Coercion
    • Social Community
    • Social Organism
    • The Thought that the Masses Are the Creators of History
    • Masses
    • Historical Figures
    • Theory of Historical Resultant
    • Marx’s Theory of World History
    • Marx’s Idea of Ecology
    • Critical Theory of Religion
  • Political Economy
    • Political Economy in the Wider Sense
    • Method of Political Economy
    • Commodities
    • Use-Value
    • Commodity Value
    • Exchange-Value
    • Concrete Labor
    • Abstract Labor
    • Property in the Means of Production
    • Private Property in the Means of Production
    • Theory of the Fundamental Contradiction of a Commodity Economy Based upon Private Property
    • Labor Theory of Value
    • Magnitude of Value
    • Wealth
    • Simple Labor
    • Compound Labor
    • Socially Necessary Labor-Time
    • Productivity of Labor
    • Intensity of Labor
    • Form of Value
    • Equivalent Form
    • Relative Form of Value
    • General Equivalent
    • Means of Circulation
    • Money
    • Law of the Circulation of Money
    • Inflation
    • Deflation
    • The Fetishism of Commodities
    • Estranged Labor
    • Estrangement
    • Market Economy
    • Commodity Economy
    • Law of Value
    • Civil Society
    • Labor-Process and Valorization Process
    • Capital
    • Theory of Surplus-Value
    • Labor-Power
    • Use-Value of the Commodity Labor-Power
    • Value of the Commodity Labor-Power
    • Constant Capital
    • Variable Capital
    • Capitalist Wages
    • Division of Labor and Manufacture
    • Modern Mechanical Industry
    • Simple Co-operation
    • Necessary Labor-Time
    • Surplus Labor-Time
    • Wage-Labor
    • Surplus-Value
    • Rate of Surplus-Value
    • Absolute Surplus-Value
    • Extra Surplus-Value
    • Capitalist Expanded Reproduction
    • Organic Composition of Capital
    • Primitive Accumulation of Capital
    • Capitalist Simple Reproduction
    • Accumulation of Capital
    • Theory of Accumulation of Capital
    • Centralization of Capital
    • General Law of Capitalist Accumulation
    • Concentration of Capital
    • Industrial Reserve Army
    • Theory of Pauperization of the Proletariat
    • Relative Surplus Population
    • The Circulation of Capital
    • Marxist Theory of Population
    • Fixed Capital
    • Circulating Capital
    • Turnover of Capital
    • Theory of the Reproduction of Social Capital
    • Circuit of Capital
    • Social Capital
    • Aggregate Social Product
    • Two Major Departments of Social Production
    • Process of Production and Its Moments
    • Individual Capital
    • Profit
    • Average Rate of Profit
    • The Law of the Tendency of the Rate of Profit to Fall
    • Average Profit
    • Cost-Price
    • Price of Production
    • Productive Capital
    • Commodity-Capital
    • Industrial Capital
    • Commercial Capital
    • Loan Capital
    • Bank Capital
    • Commercial Profit
    • Joint-Stock Company
    • Credit
    • Interest
    • Securities
    • Exchange
    • Stocks
    • Money-Capital
    • Fictitious Capital
    • Virtual Economy
    • Real Economy
    • Ground-Rent
    • Monopoly Rent
    • Differential Rent
    • Absolute Rent
    • Price of Land
    • Private Property
    • General Formula of Capital and Its Contradiction
    • Exploitation
    • Competition
    • Merger
    • Monopoly Profit
    • Monopoly Price
    • Theory of the Essence of the Capitalist State
    • Theory of Fundamental Contradiction of the Capitalist Society
    • Theory of Capitalist Economic Crisis
    • National Income
  • Scientific Socialism
    • Theory of Scientific Socialism
    • “Two Inevitables” and “Two Nevers”
    • Class
    • State
    • State System
    • Political Power
    • System of Government
    • Class Struggle
    • Theory of Class Struggle
    • Method of Class Analysis
    • Political Struggle
    • Social Revolution
    • Violent Revolution
    • Social Reform
    • Class of Slave-Owners
    • Class of Slaves
    • Serfs
    • Landlord Class
    • Peasantry
    • Bourgeoisie
    • Proletariat
    • Bourgeois Revolution
    • Dictatorship of the Bourgeoisie
    • Bourgeois Democracy
    • Workers’ Movement
    • Worker Co-operatives
    • Proletarian Party
    • Theory of Proletarian Party
    • Theory of Proletarian Revolution and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
    • Strategy and Tactics of Proletarian Revolution
    • Proletarian Revolution
    • Socialist Revolution
    • The Communist Revolution Takes Place Simultaneously
    • Dictatorship of the Proletariat
    • Theory of Worker-Peasant Alliance
    • The Theory of Co-operatives
    • Public Property
    • Social Property
    • To Each According to Contribution
    • Individual Property
    • To Each According to Needs
    • Historical Mission of the Proletariat
    • Theory of the Emancipation of the Proletariat and the Mankind
    • The Theory of Women’s Emancipation
    • Feudalism
    • Capitalism
    • Modern Capitalism
    • Theory of the Division into Phases of Communism and the Transition Period
    • Transition Period
    • Social Civilization
    • Socialism
    • Material Civilization
    • Spiritual Civilization
    • Patriotism
    • Collectivism
    • Proletarian Internationalism
    • Proletarians of All Countries, Unite!
    • Theory of Future Society
    • Communism
    • Nation
    • Equality of Nations
    • National Contradictions
    • Anti-Colonial Struggle
    • National Liberation
    • National Democratic Revolution
    • The Theory of National Democratic Revolution in the Epoch of Proletarian Revolution
    • Marx’s Expositions on the Oriental Society
    • Leaping Over the “Caudine Forks” 
    • The Theory of Three Major Economic Formations in the Development of Human Society
    • The Theory of Five Social Formations in the Development of Human Society
    • Primitive Society
    • Slave Society
    • Feudal Society
    • Capitalist Society
    • Socialist Society
    • Humanism
    • The Emancipation of Mankind
    • Development of Man
    • Theory of the Science of Man
    • Individuality of Man
    • Free Development of Man
    • All-round Development of Man
    • Association of Free Producers
    • Realm of Necessity
    • Realm of Freedom
betterdocs-category-icon

Important Figures

  • Marx, Karl Heinrich
  • Engels, Frederick
  • Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)
  • Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775–1854)
  • Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)
  • Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804–1872)
  • Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)
  • Francis Bacon (1561–1626)
  • Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
  • John Locke (1632–1704)
  • René Descartes (1596–1650)
  • Baruch (Benedictus) Spinoza (1632–1677)
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)
  • William Petty (1623–1687)
  • Adam Smith (1723–1790)
  • David Ricardo (1772–1823)
  • François Quesnay (1694–1774)
  • Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de Sismondi (1773–1842)
  • Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834)
  • Jean Baptiste Say (1767–1832)
  • Thomas More (1478–1535)
  • Thomas Müntzer (1490–1525)
  • Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639)
  • Gerrard Winstanley (1609–1670)
  • Jean Meslier (1664–1729)
  • Etienne Gabriel Morelly (1717–1778)
  • Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (1709–1785)
  • Gracchus Babeuf (1760–1797)
  • Henri de Saint-Simon (1760–1826)
  • Charles Fourier (1772–1837)
  • Robert Owen (1771–1858)
  • Karl Grün (1817–1887)
  • Christian Wilhelm Weitling (1808–1871) 
  • Pavel Vasilyevich Annenkov (1812–1887)
  • Eugène Pottier (1816–1887)
  • Wilhelm Friedrich Wolff (1809–1864)
  • Joseph Weydemeyer (1818–1866)
  • Eugen Karl Dühring (1833–1921)
  • August Bebel (1840–1913)
  • Wilhelm Liebknecht (1826–1900)
  • Louis Auguste Blanqui (1805–1881)
  • Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919)
  • Jenny Marx (1814–1881)
  • Wilhelm Bracke (1842–1880)
  • Ferdinand Lassalle (1825–1864)
  • Jean Jaurès (1859–1914)
  • Alexandre Millerand (1859–1943)
  • Eduard Bernstein (1850–1932)
  • Arnold Ruge (1802–1880)
  • Max Stirner (1806–1856)
  • Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865)
  • Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (1814–1876)
  • Rudolf Hilferding (1877–1941)
  • Clara Zetkin (1857–1933)
  • Edward Aveling (1851–1898)
  • Bruno Bauer (1809–1882)
  • Paul Lafargue (1842–1911)
  • Franz Mehring (1846–1919)
  • Karl Kautsky (1854–1938)
  • Lewis Henry Morgan (1818–1881)
  • Charles Robert Darwin (1809–1882)
  • Pyotr Lavrovich Lavrov (1823–1900)
  • Peter Joseph Dietzgen (1828–1888)
  • Nikolai Frantsevich Danielson (1844–1918)
  • Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov (1854–1946)
  • Pyotr Nikitch Tkachev (1844–1886)
betterdocs-category-icon

Important Works and Documents

  • Complete Works of Marx and Engels
  • Marx-Engels Historisch-Kritische Gesamtausgabe (MEGA2)
  • Selected Works of Marx and Engels
  • Collected Works of Marx and Engels
  • Reflections of a Young Man on the Choice of a Profession
  • Letters from Wuppertal
  • Schelling and Revelation
  • The Difference between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature
  • Comments on the Latest Prussian Censorship Instruction
  • Debates on the Law on Thefts of Wood
  • Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
  • Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy
  • The Condition of the Working Class in England
  • 1892 Preface to the Second German Edition of The Condition of the Working Class in England
  • On the Jewish Question
  • Introduction to the Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
  • Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
  • The Holy Family
  • Theses on Feuerbach
  • The German Ideology
  • The Poverty of Philosophy
  • The Principles of Communism
  • Manifesto of the Communist Party
  • Paris Notebook
  • Brussels Notebooks
  • Manchester Notebooks
  • The Bourgeoisie and the Counter-Revolution
  • Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League (March 1850)
  • London Notebooks
  • Revolution in China and in Europe
  • Germany and Pan-Slavism
  • History of the Opium Trade
  • Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany
  • Revelations Concerning the Communist Trial in Cologne
  • On the History of the Communist League
  • The Class Struggles in France, 1848 to 1850
  • The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
  • The British Rule in India
  • The Future Results of British Rule in India
  • Economic Manuscripts of 1857–1858
  • Economic Manuscripts of 1861–1863
  • Economic Manuscripts of 1863–1865
  • Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (First Instalment)
  • Wage-Labor and Capital
  • 1891 Introduction to Karl Marx’s Wage-Labor and Capital
  • Wages, Price and Profit
  • A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (First Instalment)
  • Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
  • Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
  • Capital. A Critique of Political Economy
  • Theories of Surplus-Value
  • The Civil War in France
  • Letter to A. Bebel in Zwickau
  • Critique of the Gotha Programme
  • Letter to W. Bracke in Brunswick
  • Letter to V.I. Zasulich
  • Letter to the Editorial Board of Otechestvenniye Zapiski [Notes on the Fatherland]
  • Anti-Dühring
  • Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
  • 1882 Preface to the First German Edition of Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
  • 1892 Introduction to the English Edition of Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
  • The Part Played by Labor in the Transition from Ape to Man
  • Anthropological Notebooks
  • The Chronological Notebooks
  • On Social Relations in Russia
  • Afterword to On Social Relations in Russia
  • The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
  • Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy
  • Dialectics of Nature
  • Frederick Engels’ Speech at the Grave of Karl Marx
  • The Nationalization of the Land
  • The Housing Question
  • Introduction to The Civil War in France
  • On Authority
  • The Alliance of Socialist Democracy and the International Workingmen’s Association
  • Political Indifferentism
  • Apropos of Working-Class Political Action
  • The Bakuninists at Work
  • The Elections of 1890 in Germany
  • Socialism in Germany
  • A Critique of the Draft Social-Democratic Programme of 1891
  • Introduction to The Class Struggles in France, 1848 to 1850 by Karl Marx
  • Russia’s Successes in The Far East
  • Persia-China
  • On Poland
  • Communism of the Rheinischer Beobachter
  • On the Polish Question
  • Refugee Literature (1874–1875)
  • Marx and Engels to August Bebel, Wilhelm Liebknecht, Wilhelm Bracke and Others (“Circular Letter”)
  • On the Decline of Feudalism and the Emergence of National States
  • The Role of Force in History
  • Foreign Policy of Russian Tsardom
  • Reply to the Editors of the Sächsische Arbeiter-Zeitung
  • On the History of Early Christianity
  • The Peasant Question in France and Germany
  • Engels’ Correspondence on Historical Materialism in His Later Years
  • Marx and Engels on China
  • The Crisis and the Counter-Revolution
  • The Communists and Karl Heinzen
  • Speech, On the Question of Free Trade
  • English Atrocities in China
  • Trade and the Treaty
  • The British and Chinese Treaty
betterdocs-category-icon

Important Meetings

  • The Second Congress of the Communist League
  • Inaugural Conference of the First International
  • First London Conference of Delegates of the First International in 1865
  • First Geneva Congress of the First International in 1866
  • Second Lausanne Congress of the First International in 1867
  • Third Brussels Congress of the First International in 1868
  • Fourth Basle Congress of the First International in 1869
  • Second London Conference of Delegates of the First International in 1871
  • Fifth The Hague Congress of the First International in 1872
  • Philadelphia Conference of Delegates of the First International in 1876
  • Meeting Held to Celebrate the First Anniversary of the Paris Commune
  • Meeting to Commemorate the Twelfth Anniversary of the Polish Uprising of 1863–1864
  • Tenth Congress of the French Workers’ Party
  • Geneva International Congress of Socialist Students
  • Inaugural Congress of the General German Workers’ Association
  • Congress of the General German Workers’ Association
  • Congress of All-German Social-Democrats
  • Gotha Congress of the Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany
  • Saint-Étienne Congress of the French Workers’ Party
  • International Socialist Workers’ Congress
  • Second Brussels Congress of the Second International in 1891
  • Third Zurich Congress of the Second International in 1893
  • Fourth London Congress of the Second International 1896
  • Fifth Paris Congress of the Second International in 1900
  • Sixth Amsterdam Congress of the Second International in 1904
betterdocs-category-icon

Major Events, Press and Organizations

  • English Bourgeois Revolution
  • French Revolution
  • Lyon Workers’ (Canut) Uprisings in France
  • Chartist Movement
  • Silesian Weavers’ Uprising in Germany
  • European Revolutions of 1848
  • The Foundation of Socialist Political Parties in European and American Countries
  • American Civil War
  • February Revolution in France
  • June Uprising of Paris Workers
  • March Revolution in Germany
  • The National Independence Movements in Italy and Eastern Europe
  • World National Liberation Movement
  • The Establishment of the Social Democratic Workers’ Party of Germany
  • Franco-Prussian War
  • Paris Commune Revolution
  • Rheinische Zeitung
  • Neue Rheinische Zeitung
  • Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher
  • New-York Daily Tribune
  • Young Hegelian Movement
  • League of the Just
  • Communist League
  • Indian People’s Uprising Against the British Colonial Rule
  • First International
  • Second International
  • Communist Correspondence Committee
  • Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany
  • Cologne Communist Trial
  • Anti-Socialist Laws
  • Strike For Eight-Hour Day in the USA
betterdocs-category-icon

Important Ideological Currents

  • Old Hegelians
  • Young Hegelians
  • Neo-Kantianism
  • Neo-Hegelianism
  • Vulgar Materialism
  • Physiocracy
  • Mercantilism
  • Vulgar Political Economy
  • Feudal Socialism
  • Petty-Bourgeois Socialism
  • Utopian Socialism
  • “True Socialism”
  • Spartan Communism
  • Proudhonism
  • Bakuninism
  • Weitlingism
  • Democratic Socialism
  • Bernsteinism
  • Social Democracy
  • Fabian Socialism
  • Katheder-Socialism
  • Opportunism
  • Lassalleanism
  • Anarchism
  • The Eisenachers
  • Trade Unionism
  • Populism
  • Reformism
  • Social Darwinism
  • Foreign Marxism
View Categories
  • GDM
  • Marxism
  • Major Events, Press and Organizations

Major Events, Press and Organizations

  • English Bourgeois Revolution
  • French Revolution
  • Lyon Workers’ (Canut) Uprisings in France
  • Chartist Movement
  • Silesian Weavers’ Uprising in Germany
  • European Revolutions of 1848
  • The Foundation of Socialist Political Parties in European and American Countries
  • American Civil War
  • February Revolution in France
  • June Uprising of Paris Workers
  • March Revolution in Germany
  • The National Independence Movements in Italy and Eastern Europe
  • World National Liberation Movement
  • The Establishment of the Social Democratic Workers’ Party of Germany
  • Franco-Prussian War
  • Paris Commune Revolution
  • Rheinische Zeitung
  • Neue Rheinische Zeitung
  • Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher
  • New-York Daily Tribune
  • Young Hegelian Movement
  • League of the Just
  • Communist League
  • Indian People’s Uprising Against the British Colonial Rule
  • First International
  • Second International
  • Communist Correspondence Committee
  • Socialist Workers’ Party of Germany
  • Cologne Communist Trial
  • Anti-Socialist Laws
  • Strike For Eight-Hour Day in the USA

The Great Dictionary of Marxism

Commemorating the 200th birthday of Karl Marx, the greatest thinker of the millenium.

Overview
  • About the GDM
  • Editorial Board
  • How to Cite
  • News
Information
  • FAQ
  • Contact Us
Canut Press International

12a Guernsay Road, London E11 4BJ, UK

(+44) 1444 499 39 0635
info@canutpress.com

Copyright © 2026 by Canut Press International