The labor-time required to produce a certain use-value under the prevailing socially normal conditions of production and with the socially average degree of skill and intensity. There are three requirements that determine the socially necessary labor-time, i.e., socially normal conditions of production, socially average degree of labor skills and the socially average of labor intensity. These three requirements include both material and human factors; they include both the objective conditions of production determined by the means of production and the subjective conditions of production determined by the labor-power. These conditions of production are not fixed, immutable, and “socially normal conditions of production” refer to the conditions of production and reproduction of most products in a given branch of production in a given period, the most important of which are the conditions of the instruments of production. These conditions generally change along with the development of the productive forces of society, progress in science and technology, but are relatively fixed within a certain period of time…
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