Marx divided the development of capitalism into three stages: simple co-operation, division of labor and manufacture, and modern mechanical industry, whereas division of labor and manufacture were the second stage of the development of capitalist productive forces and the product of the gradual implementation of specialized division of labor in workshops with a larger number of laborers. From the mid-16th century to the end of the 18th century, this form of capitalist industrial production, based on handicraft skill as well as division of labor and co-operation of wage-laborers, has been predominant among the forms of organization of industrial production in Europe…
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