Also known as “philosophical socialism”, philistine, petty-bourgeois socialist current in the 1840s in Germany. Its chief representatives were Moses Hess, Karl Grün, Herman Semmig and others, who founded Gesellschaftsspiegel (Mirror of Society), Prometheus, Rheinische Jahrbücher zur gesellschaftlichen Reform (Rhenish Yearbooks for Social Reform), Volkstribun (The Tribune of the People), and other publications. At the beginning of 1847, there were various factions in this school, such as the Westphalian school represented by Lüning, the Bohemian school represented by Moor, the Saxon school represented by Semmig and the Berlin school represented by Dronke…
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