Marxist theory of scientific discovery and technological innovation that have a determining influence on social development. Science is a systematic and theoretical system of knowledge by which man reflects and knows the attributes and laws of things, while technology is the sum total of the means of labor, methods of arts and crafts and systems of skills created by man in the practical activity of controlling and reshaping nature. As a manifestation of advanced productive forces, science and technology play a very important role in pushing forward social development. Marxism emphasized the significant part played by scientific discoveries and technological inventions, and established the Marxist theory of scientific and technological revolutions from the perspective of the relationship of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution and their relation with social revolution. In Economic Manuscripts of 1857–1858, Marx pointed out that “science too is among these productive forces.” Science was for Marx a historically dynamic, revolutionary force. He regarded science as a powerful lever of history and a revolutionary force of highest significance. Engels repeatedly emphasized that technological inventions such as steam engine more than any other were to revolutionize social relations throughout the world. Lenin and Mao Zedong also emphasized the revolutionary power of science and technology. Deng Xiaoping inherited the Marxist thought of the productive forces of science and technology, and further put forth the view that “science and technology are the primary productive forces”, championed and practiced the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and has enriched the Marxist theory of scientific and technological revolution…
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