Laws of logical thinking. People correctly apply the laws of concepts, judgments, reasoning and other forms of thinking in the process of logical thinking. There are mainly two different logical laws: (1) Laws of common logic (formal logic), such as the law of identity, the law of contradiction, the law of excluded middle, the law of sufficient reason and other specific thought forms, structures and laws; (2) Laws of dialectical logic, such as the law of the unity and struggle of opposites, the law of mutual transformation of quantity and quality, the law of affirmation and negation, and various specific dialectical thinking laws. The two kinds of logical laws are the reflection of the most general relations and laws of objective things on the basis of human social practice and are the summarization of human thinking laws. The law of formal logic reflects objective things from a relatively static, stable and identical perspective, without involving specific objects or departing from the formal structure of thinking. The law of dialectical logic reflects things from the perspective of movement, development and internal contradictions. It studies the form and law of human thought in connection with the specific content of thinking. However, these two logical law categories do not conflict in the same thinking process. Dialectical thinking must abide by the law of formal logic and include the law of formal logic in itself in a higher form. The two complement each other in thinking…
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